For Newbies!


      I get a lot of e-mail from newbies,
people just freshly bitten by the bromeliad bug
(and probably by the spines some of them have!).
      I would like to be able to refer them to some introductory remarks.
And that is what this is going to be.
It will probably consist of letters from Newbies with my interspersed answers to them.
Hopefully this will be of help to others.

A Tune for Newbies

                                                                                                 October 20, 2002
Mr. Charles Dills,
      I have a couple of questions about Tillandsia , I am hoping that maybe you can help me.

      First I would like to start off by saying that I LOVE YOUR SITE, I guess you can say that I am a "Plant Enthusiast". It began when I realized that I didn't kill my plants and I realize how much life a live plant can bring into your home. I enjoy the beauty of all plants and I regard them living things rather than just decor. I have gone to your site a few other times to check on other plants that I had questions on... this time I am baffled.


      First, thank you for the kind words about the site.

      Second, thank you for being a plant enthusiast.

      Third, you have now apparently been bitten by the serious bromeliad bug. This means you will have to abandon all you know about the cultivation of carrots. You are entering a new world of plants that are total individuals. They do what they want, when they want and as little as they want. If you ignore them they will be happy. When you go by them, sneak a peek out of the corner of your eye and appreciate them but don't let them know you are looking or care a fig about them!

      While this sounds rough, it is kind of a game between you. They don't care about you but they bloom and try to brighten your day. But they bloom if it suits them and the blooms usually don't last long. You have to act like you don't care about them, then I think they will try harder! You have to be observant! You have to catch them at it. Some have many blossoms but they open one or two at a time, kind of tantalizing you. Some open almost all at once and are gone in a few days. So you get to worrying when you go on a trip, will it bloom while I'm gone. So you get a photo-sitter to sneak a picture for you if it happens.


     There are two basically different groups of bromeliads. There are the epiphytic kind (hang on things like trees, power lines, whatever, whose roots are like ivy holdfasts and give almost no nourishment) and the vase types that collect water in the vase and have a whole aquatic environment that, in the jungle, includes providing incubators for frogs and yes, mosquitos!
      One property that all bromeliads seem to have in common is the superior ability to succumb to damp rot when the base is kept too wet. This is really the only problem, learning to determine when it needs water and where and how much to give it. Generally they do not like being fussed over. As I said they like to go their own way. And in the jungle that works well, with the occasional showers and mists, and the occasional droppings from birds, insects etc.

      But when we take them inside we destroy this self sufficient order of the jungle and substitute a dry air household that is one temperature all the time and doesn't have the usual purveyors of nutrients. It is often further aggravated by the continual presence and poking and prodding of a big human thing with brow lines of worry that is trying to imagine what kind of ice cream their dear plant would like. But they don't want to be a kept thing. They want their individuality and so there is a constant tug of war between the plant and the human thing!
      The upshot is that the human thing is going to guess wrong occasionally and feel bad when the plant gives up. But then the human thing begins to learn to relax and accept plant death as a normal thing when a plant is grown radically out of its natural habitat. To complicate it further, we are used to plants that go on year after year, trying to show off how beautiful they are and keep producing flowers that are bigger and better so their human thing will smile when they go by. Roses are very good at this.
      But bromeliads don't care what we think. They have adopted a policy of doing what they want in the best way they can, ONCE. Then they quit and go to the great greenhouse in the sky, leaving behind their progeny, pups. These small plantlets are usually at least half the size of their parent before it dies. They can be left to clump or they can be separated and potted up to redo the whole cycle.
      Roses bloom for years and when they die they are gone. Bromeliads however leave a timeless string of pups so that although one plant dies it sends its DNA into the future apparently forever.
      But sometimes we humans interfere and create intolerable conditions that interrupt this continuous chain and the plant dies without pupping. That is the end of that line! Regrettable but something for us to learn from.
      Water less rather than more. Let the dirt get pretty dry between waterings. When you buy a plant, buy two and treat them differently. You will begin to learn what works and what doesn't. Water is the giver of life but can also be the destroyer. You might fertilize but rarely and with dilute fertilizer. And avoid fish emulsion fertilizers like the plague.
      In the jungle these plants have developed a water and nutrient absorbing system called scales. These are the grey powdery looking things on the leaves, that are sometimes rather scarce and sometimes overwhelming to give a fuzzy appearance. These scales open and close when appropriate to let in what the plant needs in the way of water and nutrients. If you give the plant more than it needs it will simply run off and create great conditions for fungi and other nemeses of bromeliads.

      Tell me a little about yourself and your growing conditions. Perhaps I can send you a few to try.


      It started when my Mother bought this exotic looking plant, I begged her for it, I wanted it. Finally I went and bought one, it was of the same family of the plant my Mom got. I never knew the name of these plants which were bought at a Nursery. I went back there and got the little plastic cards that go in them, now... finally I had a name. IT said Bromeliad on both of them. Looking through your site, I didn't find the picture of my Mom's but I did find three pictures that could very well be mine.Ê Tillandsia anceps, Tillandsia eyanea and Tillandsia lindenil. Finally... now for my questions.


     It is probably Tillandsia cyanea , they are more common than the other two. Don't ask any questions at your local nursery. The chances that they really know anything about bromeliads is very small. There are a few bromeliad nurseries that really know what they have and what they are doing. I can give you some names later. You might consider joining the Bromeliad Society. Instructions are on my page
      Please continue to write and ask questions. You sound like someone who may have contracted the bromeliad collector's disease and being one also, I welcome the company!


      My plants look dead! How can I save them. I live in Lorain, Ohio. All summer I have had them in my sun room {similar to a green house, without all of the moisture}. I water them weekly and I am doing my best to keep these little guys alive. {Eventually I ended up with my Mom's with a promise to try to keep him alive~ she felt she was killing it}.ÊThe little purple flowers would sprout, but only one little flower at a time and then die almost right away.
      My Mom's is almost identical only instead of being "flat" hers has four sides on the big pink "flower" {where the little purple flowers sprout out of} and this is what the description on the card says: "Exotic foliage and showy flowers. Most distinctive featureÊis the rosette of leaves that molds into a cup to hold water."

      On that plant, just last night, I realized that the thing in the middle {the pink "flower"} lifted right out, but there is still foliage in the flower pot.


      Put it aside and quit fussing. They only bloom once. The rot indicates you are giving it too much water. Your hope now is to get pups. If you haven't done the Marat thing on it already and leave it to its own devices, it may put out several pups. When they get half the size of the mother, contact me again and I'll tell you what to do. Good luck.


      Can you tell me the name of this particular Bromeliad and can you tell me if these plants are dead? Can I bring them back to life, and what is the best way to care for them? Do I live in the wrong environment for these pretty little guys?
      I apologize for the length of the email, I just felt that I needed to go all the way back to when and how I got them for you to get the whole picture.
      I hope to hear from you soon on this matter.


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      I got my first bromeliad as a gift from my staff on "Boss' Day." I was warned not to water it too much and to put the water in the red part in the center when I do.


      The comment about the red center makes me suspect you have a Neoregelia. See: http://www.charlies-web.com/bromeliads-alphalist/tex764.html


      It has grown much larger and is healthy and beautiful. It has also produced two "pups." My question is, when and how do I separate the pups?


      Do not separate them until they are half the size of the mother plant. But you can leave them attached and develop a clump. Bromeliads in general bloom only once and then slowly die. After six months or a year, after blooming, the mother might start looking pretty bad. You can gradually remove the dead leaves until they are all gone. or when you no longer like it's appearance you may cut the mother off at the bottom.


      (How long do I leave them attached? How do I detach them?) How do I establish them as new plants? And does it hurt if I just leave them attached to the parent plant? Thanks much!!!


      If you decide to detach the pups, you can grasp the pup with one hand and the mother with the other, low, where they are joined and exert pressure to see if they will come apart naturally. Some don't. Use a sharp, preferably sterilized knife and slice downward parallel and close to the mother. Put the pup in an empty pot for a week or two to harden the cut portion. A treatment of the cut with a fungicide would be helpful. You can pot it in regular potting mix or whatever approximates what the mother was planted in. You might need to stake if for a month till it gets roots. And as you say don't get too free with the water. It's OK if the soil gets wet when you water it but don't keep the soil wet or soggy. It will damp rot and die! Let me know how it works.


      And here is a letter about mailing bromeliads..

      Hi all, I would like to find out what is the best way to transport a bromeliad in small quantity. Can it be bare root?
Thanks, YC


      First, thank you for the kind words about the site.

+++++-----------------       Bromeliads are an amazing group of plants. While a California poppy will probably die while you're holding it when taken out of the ground. many bromeliads will sit in an empty pot for months if given water in the vase occasionally. I once separated a clump and put the cut-off plants in a plastic 5 gallon pot. The pot was sitting where it got the water the rest of the plants got. It was at least a year later that I discovered that they were still there, I had never repotted them and they were doing fine!

      I once had an Aechmea weilbachii v leodiensis with three apparently identical pups so I thought I would try an experiment. I cut them off and put them in an empty pot. They got the normal watering I give all the plants. I planted one in ten days after it had hardened off. I planted the second a month later. And four months later I planted the third. This one looked a little stressed by the time I planted it. But a year later you couldn't tell the difference.

      So, the answer to your question is, Yes they can be transported without dirt for an amazing length of time if necessary. I know there are probably some more sensitive ones that may not accept such treatment. But I have mailed a thousand plants to people all over the world and always clean, with no dirt! Most ag people get a bit upset when you try to ship dirt. So bromeliad people are lucky to be able to distribute their plants, clean and dirt free and being reasonably certain that they will arrive in good shape. Airmail of course. They won't survive long boat rides.

      Obviously however, if they stand in a box for a long time in hot weather without water, they too will give up the ghost. So be careful, send them quickly when you have cleaned them and warn the recipient to soak them thoroughly on arrival and you should not have any trouble.

      BUT, PLEASE, IF YOU ARE SENDING THEM OUT OF YOUR STATE, GET A PHYTO-SANITARY CERTIFICATE FROM YOUR LOCAL STATE AG OFFICE! YOU DO NOT WANT TO EXPORT YOUR PLANT DISEASES TO OTHER AREAS. Bromeliads are remarkably pest and disease free but there is always that possibility. ---Chas---


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Question:
      I bought a bromeliad blindly!! It was not marked as to what kind it was or how to care for it!!? The leaves are curly!! I have it in the morning & evening shade, but it gets midday sun! Is this a good place for it, and are you able to identify it for me?? I know you are probably busy, please answer me only if you have the time! Thank you,

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Answer:
      I'm sure it is a Neoregelia. I suspect it is a hybrid. But I will try to find out for you.
      I strongly suggest you keep it out of the noonday sun. I think the leaves are going to bleach and turn yellow. Some sun is acceptable but noon is pretty strong! OK?
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Questioner:
      Wow! That was quick Chas! Thank you so much! Are hybrids common??
By the way...your site is great!!

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My answer:
      If you think about it you will realize that people hybridize plants to "improve" them for the characteristics they want. This is usually their "beauty". Since this is highly subjective there is a large variety of hybrids available. And if a hybrid comes up and is considered ugly, it will be destroyed, So one of Dills' Laws is that "Hybrids are always prettier than the parents".
      I personally don't collect hybrids but I do have a few. I can't wantonly destroy a plant so I tolerate those I have and try not to acquire more. I like species plants but have to realize that it means I have to propagate them vegetatively. If you grow different plants together and they bloom at the same time, the local bees, butterflies, moths and hummingbirds may cross them for you. So I never collect the seeds.
      So the answer to your question is yes. There are many hybrids out there. And since customers in Wal-Marts and Albertsons know very little about plants they are attracted by the unusual and pretty ones, the hybrids.
      And they prefer to buy something in bloom. Which means when you buy a blooming bromeliad, you are buying a nearly dead plant. And if it has been treated with a chemical to force it into bloom, there may not be enough energy left to create pups. So it will die and that's it. Bromeliads only bloom once. A botanist will tell you that they are monocarpic which is why they only bloom once.
      So the upshot of all this is, if you are truly interested in bromeliads, only buy them from a bromeliad nursery. There are a number of them around and you can probably locate some on Google. I personally do most of my acquisitions at Tropiflora in Sarasota FL. I think their page is at www.tropiflora.com.
      Please ask more questions if you like.

      Thank you for the nice comment about the site.
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Please send your note to Charles Dills in California, USA.