S
S
- sacc-
- referring to a bag ("saccifera" = "sac-bearing")
- sacchar-
- referring to sugar (_Saccharum_, the sugar cane genus)
- sagit-
- referring to an arrow ("sagittarius") salic- / salig-....referring to the genus _Salix_, the willow ("salignifolia" = "willow-leaved" / "salicifolia")
- sal-
- referring to salt ("salinus" / "salicolus")
- salp-
- referring to a tube (_Salpiglossis_ = "tube + tongue")
- salv-
- referring to helping, saving, healing (_Salvia_, from the medicinal properties of some species of this the Sage genus)
- sambuc-
- referring to the genus, _Sambucus_, the elderberry ("sambucoides" = "like _Sambucus_")
- sanct-
- holy, revered ("sanctum")
- sang-
- referring to blood (_Sanguinaria_, the Blood-Root)
- sapid-
- tasty ("sapidus")
- sapien-
- referring to ancient wise men/writers/sages ("sapientia")
- sap-
- referring to soap (_Sapindus_ = "soap + India")
- sarco-
- referring to flesh ("sarcomentum" / "sarcodes")
- sarment-
- referring to runners ("sarmentosa")
- sativ-
- referring to cultivation ("sativa")
- saur-
- referring to a lizard (_Saururus_ = "lizard's tail")
- sax-
- referring to a rock (_Saxifraga_ = "rock-breaker" / "saxicolus" / "saxosus" / "saxatilis" / "saxorum")
- scal-
- referring to a ladder ("scalaris")
- scand-
- climbing ("scandens")
- scap-
- referring to a scape ("scaposa")
- scaph-
- referring to a boat (_Scaphosepalum_ = "boat + sepal") schiz- /
- schis-
- cut, divided, split ("schizophylla" = "cleft leaves")
- scia-
- referring to an umbrella, shade (_Sciadophyllum_)
- -scia(...)
- (_Polyscias_ = "many umbrellas," referring to the large and abundant foliage of this genus)
- scirp-
- referring to the genus _Scirpus_, the bulrush ("scirpoides")
- scler-
- hard ("sclerocarpus" = "hard fruit")
- scopul-
- referring to a cliff ("scopulorum" = "of the cliffs")
- scorp-
- referring to a scorpion, a coiled structure ("scorpioides")
- scut-
- referring to a salver or dish or shield (shape)
(_Scutellaria_) ("scutatum")
- seb-
- referring to wax, tallow ("sebiferum")
- -sect(...)
- cut ("pinnatisect" = "pinnatelycut")
- secund-
- referring to a side ("secundiflora" = "flowers on one side")
- sed-
- sedentary (_Sedum_)
- selen-
- referring to the moon (_Selenicereus_ = "moon cactus," because it's night-blooming)
- semi-
- semi, half (_Semiarundinaria_ "something like a reed," a genus of bamboo)
- senil-
- old, white-haired ("senilis")
- sept-
- referring to the number seven ("septangularia" = "seven-angled")
- seric-
- referring to silk ("sericeus" / "sericofera" = "silk-bearing")
- serotin-
- late, autumnal ("serotina")
- serpent-
- referring to a snake ("serpentarius" / "serpentinus")
- serra-
- referring to a saw ("serratus" / "serrula" / "serrulata")
- sesqui-
- referring to the number 1 1/2
- sessil-
- unstalked, sessile ("sessilis" / "sessiliflora" = unstalked/peduncled flowers" / "sessilifolia" = "unstalked/ petioled leaves")
- seta- / seti-
- referring to a bristle ("setigera" / "setacea")
- sibir-
- referring to Siberia ("sibiriacus")
- sider-.
- referring to iron (_Sideroxylon_ = "iron wood")
- -sider(...)
- (_Metrosideros_ = "heart of iron")
- sikkim-
- referring to N. India ("sillimensis")
- silic-
- referring to sand ("siliceus")
- silv-
- referring to the woods ("silvaticus")
- simpl-
- simple ("simplex")
- sinensis
- native to China
- sino-
- referring to China
- sinu-
- sinuous, wavy ("sinuata")
- -siphon
- referring to a tube (_Orthosiphon_ = "straight tube" usually a flower part)
- smilac-
- referring to the genus _Smilax_, Greenbriar
- sobol-
- referring to offspring ("sobolifera" = "bearing offspring, usually meaning 'runners'")
- solar-
- referring to the sun ("solaris")
- solen-
- referring to a tube (_Solenanthus" = "tube + flower")
- -som(...)
- referring to the body, the corporeal entity ("xanthosoma" = "yellow body")
- somn-
- referring to sleep ("somniferum" = "sleep-producing" - cf. _Papaver somniferum_, the opium poppy)
- sordid-
- dirty, not pure (in appearance) ("sordidus")
- spath-
- referring to a spoon (shape) (_Spathiphyllum_ = "leaf-like spathe")
- spatu-
- referring to a spoon / spatula (shape)
- specul-
- referring to a mirror (_Specularia_, Venus's Looking Glass) ("speculum")
- specios-
- showy, spectacular ("speciosum")
- specta-
- spectacular ("spectandus")
- -sperm(...)
- referring to a seed (_Dictyosperma_ = "seed with network-markings")
- sphaer-
- referring to a sphere ("sphaerocephala" = "round-headed")
- spic-
- .referring to a spike (of flowers) ("spicatus" "spicant" / "spiculifolia" = "spiked leaf")
- spin-
- referring to a spine ("spinosa" / "spina-christi" =
"Christ-thorn")
- spir-
- referring to a spiral (_Spiranthes_ = "spiral flowers (inflorescence)," an orchid)
- splend-
- splendid ("splendida")
- -spor(...)
- referring to a seed or spore (_Hymenospora_ = "membranous seed")
- spum-
- .referring to spume or froth ("spumaria")
- spur-
- false ("spurius")
- squal-
- .dirty (color) ("squalens" "squalida"))
- squam-.
- referring to scales ("squamosa" / "squamata" / "squamigera")
- squarr-
- spreading ("squarrosa")
- -stachy(...)
- referring to a spike (of flowers) (_Acanthostachys_ = "thorny flower spike")
- stans
- standing, upright
- -staphy(...)
- referring to a cluster of grapes (_Arctostaphylos_ = "bear + grapes," alluding to the fact that bears love to eat the fruit; one of the species of this genus is uva-ursi, meaning "grape + bear")
- stell-
- referring to a star ("stellatus")
- -stem(...)
- referring to stamens (_Pentstemon_ = "five stamens")
- sten-
- narrow (_Stenocarpus_ = "narrow fruit")
- steph-
- referring to a crown (_Stephanandra_ = "crown + anthers")
- -steph(...)
- referring to a crown ("macrostephana" = "large crown")
- -stich(...)
- referring to a row (_Polystichum_ "many rows" (of spore cases on this
fern genus))
- -stict(...)
- referring to spots or glands ("chlorosticta" = "green-spotted")
- stigm-
- marked ("stigmatus")
- stipul-.
- referring to a stipule ("stipulata")
- stolon-
- referring to runners ("stolonifera" = "bearing runners")
- -stom(...)
- referring to a mouth
- stram-
- referring to straw (color) ("stramineus")
- strepto-
- twisted ("streptophullus" = "twisted-leaved")
- striat-
- striped ("striatus;" "viridistriata" = "green-striped")
- strict-
- erect, rigid, upright, stiff ("stricta")
- strig-
- referring to stiff hairs or bristles ("strigosa" / strigillosa")
- strob-
- referring to a cone (e.g., of a pine) ("strobilifera" = "cone-bearing" /
"strobus" / "strobilacea" / "strobilanthes" = "cone + flower")
- strum-
- referring to a tumor ("strumatus")
- styra-
- referring to gum ("styraciflua" = "flowing with gum")
- suav-
- sweet, fragrant ("suaveolens")
- sub-
- somewhat, under, almost, not-quite -- often "elided" as in "suffruticosa," a combining-form of "sub" and "fruticosa" = "sub-shrubby" ("subhirtella" ="somewhat hairy")
- suber-
- referring to cork ("suberosus")
- subul-
- referring to an awl (shape) ("subulata")
- suffr-
- referring to a shrub ("suffruticosa" = "somewhat shrubby")
- sulc-
- referring to a furrow ("sulcatus")
- supin-
- prostrate ("supinus")
- sylv-
- referring to forests ("sylvatica")
- sym- / syn-
- together, united (_Symphoricarpos_ = "together + to bear + fruit," referring to the clustered fruit)
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