Habitat Descriptions

      We have been granted permisson to quote from the book "Orchids & Ecology in Colombia" by Dr. Mariano Ospina II.

CLOUD FOREST HABITAT
( Taken from "Orchids &Ecology in Colombia " by Dr. Mariano Ospina II )

          "One of the most complete studies of this formation is that of Sudgen and Robins in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta;

          Several distinct vegetation zones occur within the cloud forest belt.

           I. At 1,900m (6300 ft.), the vegetation corresponds loosely to Beard's (1955) Mountain Range Forest, with a diverse, woody flora, notably including species of Tovomita, Ficus, Merenia and tree ferns.

           II. At 2,350 m (7760 ft) Tovomita is dominant, most other species found at 1,900 m being absent or rare. While the canopy height (15 m) is similar to that at 1,900 m, the overall density of woody individuals is lower ( 17 trees per 100 m2 of ground area compared with 26 trees at 1900 m ).

           III. By 3,000 m (9900 ft.) the canopy height is much lower (9m), the forest density is higher (32 trees per 100 m2 ) and palms are abundant; species recorded at lower altitudes are completely absent.

           IV. At 3,200 m (10560 ft.) on north facing slopes the canopy is reduced to 4-6 m, and trees are inclined haphazardly with Repea dependens and Geisanthus sp dominant"


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